Статья боковой панель

Опубликована
29 Декабрь 2021
Файлы
PDF
Статистика
Прочитано : 303 Число скачиваний : 184

Основная статья Содержание

Аннотация

Осуществлялся анализ психологических предпосылок возникновения массовых беспорядков. В ходе этой работы описана роль традиционных средств массовой информации, социальных сетей, динамика взаимодействия органов правопорядка и протестующих как факторов влияния на характер протестных движений, их перехода из нормативного в ненормативное состояние. Показано, что эмоциональный климат в обществе и психологические установки населения могут выступать прогностическим признаком возникновения будущих акций протеста. Обрисован вектор актуальных и перспективных мер, позволяющих прогнозировать, упреждать и реагировать на угрозу массовых беспорядков.

Ключевые слова

массовые беспорядки протест толпа насилие психологические предпосылки превентивные меры эмоции установки средства массовой информации социальные сети большие данные

Детали статьи

Об авторе

Александр Владимирович Ванин, Институт психологии РАН

кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория психологии и психофизиологии творчества

Как цитировать
[1]
Ванин, А.В. 2021. Массовые беспорядки: психологические предпосылки, факторы влияния и превентивные меры. Ученые записки Института психологии РАН. 1, 2(2) (дек. 2021), 18–30.
Скачать ссылку
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

Литература

  1. Статья 212 «Массовые беспорядки» Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации: Федеральный закон от 13 июня 1996 г. No 63-ФЗ (в ред. от 1 июля 2021 г.).
  2. Baylor T. Media framing of movement protest: The case of American Indian protest // Social Science Journal. 1996. No33 (3). P. 241-255.
  3. Blanke U., Troster G., Franke T., Lukowicz P. Capturing crowd dynamics at large scale events using participatory GPS-localization. In 2014 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Intelli- gent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). 2014. P. 1-7.
  4. Carney D.R., Jost J.T., Gosling S.D., Potter J. The Secret Lives of Liberals and Conservatives: Personality Profiles, Interaction Styles, and the Things They Leave Behind // Political Psychology. 2008. No29 (6). P. 807-840.
  5. Chan J.M., Lee C.C. The journalistic paradigm on civil protests: A case study of Hong Kong. In A. Arno, W. Dissanayake (Eds.) The news media in national and international conflict. 1984. Boulder, CO: Westview. P. 183-202.
  6. Chang P.Y., Vitale A.S. Repressive Coverage in an Authoritarian Context: Threat, Weakness, and Legitimacy in South Korea’s Democracy Movement. // Mobilization: An International Quarterly. 2013. No18(1). P.19-39.
  7. Chrysler A., Gunarso R., Puteri T., Warnars H.L.H S. A literature review of crowd-counting system on convolutional neural network. // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. V. 729(1). P.120-129.
  8. Collins R. The Micro-Sociology of Violence. // The British Journal of Sociology. 2009. V.60(3). P.566-576.
  9. Dalton R., Sickle A.V., Weldon S. The Individual–Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour. // British Journal of Political Science. 2010. V.40(1). P.51-73.
  10. DeRiveraJ.H.Emotionalclimate:socialstruc- ture and emotional dynamics. // In International Review of Studies on Emotion, ed. K.T. Strongman. New York, NY: JohnWiley& Sons. 1992. P.197-218.
  11. DevosT.,SilverL.A.,MackieD.M.Experienc- ing intergroup emotions. In D. M. Mackie & E. R. Smith (Eds.), From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups. 2002 Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. P. 111-134.
  12. Diani M. Attributes, relations, or both? Exploring the relational side of collective action. // Contributions Nepal. Stud. 2012. V.39. P.21- 44.
  13. Drury J., Reicher S. Collective Psychological Empowerment as a Model of Social Change: Researching Crowds and Power. // Journal of Social Issues. 2009. V.65(4). P.707-725.
  14. Earl J. Political Repression: Iron Fists, Velvet Gloves, and Diffuse Control. // Review of Sociology. 2011. V. 37(1). P. 261-284.
  15. Earl J., Kimport K. Digitally enabled social change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2011.
  16. FordeS.Challengingthenews.NewYork,NY: Palgrave McMillan. 2011.
  17. Franzoni V., Biondi G., Milani A. Emotional sounds of crowds: spectrogram-based analysis using deep learning. // Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2020. V. 79(47). P. 1-13.
  18. Gallacher J.D., Heerdink M.W., Hewstone M. Online Engagement Between Opposing Political Protest Groups via Social Media is Linked to Physical Violence of Offline Encounters. // Social Media and Society. 2021. V. 7(1).
  19. Gerber A.S. Huber G.A., Doherty D., Dowling C.M. The Big Five personality traits in the po- litical arena. // Annual Review of Political Science. 2011. V.14. P. 265-287.
  20. GerberA.S.,HuberG.A.,DohertyD.,Dowling C.M., Raso C., Ha S.E. Personality traits and participation in political processes. // Journal of Politics. 2011. V.73. P. 692-706.
  21. Goodwin J., Jasper J.M. Emotions and Social Movements. / Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. 2006. P. 611-635.
  22. HirschE.L.SacrificefortheCause:GroupProcesses, Recruitment, and Commitment in a Student Social Movement. // American Sociological Review. 1990. V. 55(2). P. 243.
  23. Hylander I., Granström K. Organizing for a peaceful crowd: an example of a football match. Forum Qualitative Social Research,
  24. V.11(2). P.26. Aailable at: www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/ article/view/1462/2968.
  25. Ives B., Lewis J.S. From Rallies to Riots: Why Some Protests Become Violent // Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2020. V. 64(5). P. 958- 986.
  26. Jasper J.M. Constructing Indignation: Anger Dynamics in Protest Movements. // Emotion Review. 2014. V. 6(3). P. 208-213.
  27. Juris J.S. The New Digital Media and Activist Networking within Anti–Corporate Globalization Movements. // Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2005. V. 597(1). P. 189-208.
  28. Kamans E., Otten S., Gordijn E.H. Power and threat in intergroup conflict: How emotional and behavioral responses depend on amount and content of threat. // Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 2011. V. 14(3). P. 293-310.
  29. Klandermans B., Toorn J., Stekelenburg J. Embeddedness and grievances: Collective action participation among immigrants. // American Sociological Review. 2008. V. 73. P. 992-1012.
  30. Lee F.L.F., Chen H.-T., Chan M. Social media use and university students’ participation in a large-scale protest campaign: The case of Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement. // Telematics and Informatics. 2017. V. 34(2). P. 457-469.
  31. Lovejoy K., Saxton G.D. Information, Community, and Action: How Nonprofit Organizations Use SocialMedia. // Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2012. V. 17(3). P. 337-353.
  32. Maguire E., Barak M., Wells W., Katz C. Atti- tudes towards the Use of Violence against Police among Occupy Wall Street Protesters. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 2021. V.14(4). P.883-899.
  33. Maitner A.T., Mackie D.M., Smith E.R. Evidence for the regulatory function of intergroup emotion: Emotional consequences of implemented or impeded intergroup action tendencies. // Journal of Experimental Social Psychol- ogy. 2006. V. 42(6). P. 720-728.
  34. Mannarini T., Roccato M., Fedi A., Rovere A. Six Factors Fostering Protest: Predicting Partic- ipation in Locally Unwanted Land Uses Movements. // Political Psychology, 2009. V. 30(6). P. 895-920.
  35. Martin A.W., McCarthy J.D., McPhail C. Why Targets Matter: Toward a More Inclusive Model of Collective Violence. // American Sociological Review. 2009. V. 74(5). P. 821-841.
  36. Mayer-Schönberger V., Cukier K. Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. Boston, NY. 2013.
  37. McLeod D.M. Communicating deviance: The effects of television news coverage of social protest. // Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 1995. V. 39(1). P. 4-19.
  38. McLeod D.M. The protest paradigm and news coverage of the ‘right to party’ movement. In D.A. Schultz (Ed.) It’s show time! Media, politics, and popular culture (pp. 29–49). New York: P. Lang. 2000.
  39. McLeod D.M., Detenber B.H. Framing Effects of Television News Coverage of Social Protest. // Journal of Communication. 1999. V. 49(3). P. 3-23.
  40. McLeod D.M., Hertog J.K. The Manufacture of `Public Opinion’ by Reporters: Informal Cues for Public Perceptions of Protest Groups. // Discourse & Society. 1992. V. 3(3). P.259-275.
  41. Musgrove L., McGarty C. Opinion-Based Group Membership as a Predictor of Collective Emotional Responses and Support for Pro- and Anti-War Action. // Social Psychology. 2008. V. 39(1). P. 37-7.
  42. Noakes J.A., Klocke B.V., Gillham P.F. Whose Streets? Police and Protester Struggles over Space in Washington, DC, 29-30 September 2001. // Policing & Society. 2005. V. 15(3). P. 235-254.
  43. Osborne D., Yogeeswaran K., Sibley C.G. Hidden consequences of political efficacy: Testing an efficacy-apathy model of political mobilization. // Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2015. V. 21(4). P. 533-540.
  44. Papacharissi Z. A networked self: identity, community, and culture on social network sites. Published in 2011 in New York by Routledge. 2011.
  45. Pearlman W. Emotions and the micro foundations of the Arab uprisings. // Perspectives on Politics. 2013. V. 11. P. 387-409.
  46. Ratre A. Stochastic Gradient Descent–Whale Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network To Crowd Emotion Understanding. // The Computer Journal. 2020. V. 63(2). P. 267-282.
  47. Rimé B. The Social Sharing of Emotion as an Interface Between Individual and Collective Processes in the Construction of Emotional Climates. // Journal of Social Issues. 2007. V. 63(2). P. 307-322.
  48. Sabucedo J.-M., Dono M., Alzate M., Seoane G. The Importance of Protesters’ Morals: Moral Obligation as a Key Variable to Understand Collective Action. // Frontiers in Psychology. 2018). V.9. P. 418.
  49. Schoen H., Schumann S. Personality Traits, Partisan Attitudes, and Voting Behavior. Evidence from Germany. // Political Psychology. 2007. V. 28(4). P. 471-498.
  50. Skitka L.J., Washburn A.N., Carsel T. S. The psychological foundations and consequences of moral conviction. // Current Opinion in Psy- chology. 2015. V. 6. P. 41–44.
  51. Stekelenburg J. The political psychology of protest: Sacrificing for a cause. // European Psychologist. 2013. V. 18(4). P. 224-234.
  52. Stekelenburg J., Klandermans B., Dijk W.W. Combining motivations and emotion: The mo- tivational dynamics of protest participation. // Revista De Psicologia Social. 2011. V. 26(1). P. 91-104.
  53. Sullivan C. Police Will Repress – But Will It Demobilize? Mobilizing Ideas, 2011, December 19. Accessed at https://mobilizingideas. word- press.com/2011/12/19/police-will-repress-but- will-it-demobilize
  54. Sweetman J., Maio G.R., Spears R., Manstead A.S.R., Livingstone A.G. Attitude toward protest uniquely predicts (normative and nonnormative) political action by (advantaged and disadvantaged) group members. // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2019. V. 82. P. 115-128.
  55. Taylor V. The changing demand side of conten- tion: From structure to meaning. Paper presented at the Conference on Advancements in Social Movement Theories, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2009.
  56. Tofigh F., Mao G., Lipman J., Abolhasan M. Crowd Density Mapping Based on Wi-Fi Measurements on Train Platforms. In 2018 12th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS). 2018. P. 1-7.
  57. Tyler D.H., Barak M., Maguire E.R., Wells W. The effects of procedural injustice on the use of violence against police by Occupy Wall Street protesters. // Police Practice and Research. 2018. V. 19(2). P. 138-152.
  58. Vilas X., Sabucedo J.-M. Moral obligation: A forgotten dimension in the analysis of collective action. // Revista De Psicologia Social. 2012. V. 27(3). P. 369-375.
  59. Voronova L.I., Tolmachev R.V., Usachev A.V.A. Resource development to prevent riots at mass events. In 2018 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications, 2018. P. 1-5.
  60. Weppner J., Lukowicz P. Collaborative Crowd Density Estimation with Mobile Phones. // Conference: Second International Workshop on Sensing Applications on Mobile Phones. ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys-11). At: Seattle, USA. 2011. V.2.
  61. WlodarczykA.,BasabeN.,PáezD.,ZumetaL. Hope and Anger as Mediators Between Collective Action Frames and Participation in Collective Mobilization: The Case of 15-M. // Journal of Social and Political Psychology. 2017. V. 5(1). P. 200-223.
  62. Wright S.C., Taylor D.M., Moghaddam F.M. Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990. V. 58. P. 994-1003.
  63. Zomeren M., Spears R., Fischer A.H., Leach C.W. Put your money where your mouth is!: Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004. V. 87(5). P. 649-664.